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Debate about the founder of the Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, By Kyrllos Eskandar.

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  Debate about the founder of the kingdom of Ancient Egypt.   Due to the lack of the information and because of the scattrered sources we have three theories and hypotheses about the founder of the Ancient Egyptian Kingdom, the one who united Upper and Lower Egypt to become one strong Empire. Before the dynastic period in Egypt, the land of Egypt was divided into two parts the north and the south, each part had its own crown and its own local deity. white and red crwon The red crown was the crown For the north known as “Dshrt”, the white crown was for the south known as “Hdjet”.   Goddess Wadjet “cobra” was the local deity for the north, Goddess Nekhbet “ vulture” was the local deity for the south. goddess wadjet and nekhbet After the unification of the two lands in the 1 st dynasty, the two lands have been unified under the control of one king who used to wear the double crowns of the north and south named “Sekhemty”, moreover the kings after the unification u...
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The legal system in ancient Egypt & Stela of The magistrate Kaherset at NMEC by Kyrllos Eskandar.

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  The legal system in ancient Egypt & Stela of  The magistrate Kaherset at NMEC Judge kaherset: At our new Museum “the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization” in Fustat, Egypt We have four thousands years old wooden stela Belongs to an ancient Egyptian judge, his name is Kaherset and lived during the 5 th dynasty “old kingdom”. This funerary stela found in his tomb in Saqqara, shows him with members of his family.  When I heard that he was a judge, I instantly asked myself  what was his responsibilities in ancient Egypt? How were the courts in ancient Egypt? What were the rules? And based on what? Have they had a legal system? How were their verdicts looked like?! Let’s answer these questions: The legal system in ancient Egypt Our ancestors in ancient Egypt were familiar with the legal system that any country has today, the principles of the rules of the ancient Egyptian kings based on the values of Maat (justice). They believed tha...
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Director of royal works "Sabu" by Kyrllos Eskandar.

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  Director of royal works "Sabu" Saqqara complex on the western bank of nile, 17km south of Giza was the principle cemetery of most of kings of the old kingdom. Around these pyramids a lot of tombs of nobles and high officials who served those kings and wanted to resurrect and serve them in afterlife. SABU who also know as IBEBI was the director of all the royal works of art at the time of king TETI I the first king of the 6 th dynasty, his beautiful tomb discovered in Saqqara and now part of it at the Egyptian Museum. Sabu's false door at Egyptian Museum. Sabu is shown in large scale seated on low back chair wearing wig reaches his shoulders, with short beard. he is also wearing collar dedicated only to high officials the "uskh collar" sign of authority and refer to the high rank that he held, with short kilt reaches his knees. in front of him table filled with offerings, jars under the table and every supplies he would need in afterlife. In the middle w...
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The secret of mother of king Khufu by Kyrllos Eskandar

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                                 The secret of mother of king Khufu Queen  Hetephers  one of the most important queens in the ancient Egyptian history, she is mother of the builder of the greatest pyramid in the Egyptian history king Khufu, and wife of king Senefru the founder of the 4 th  dynasty, and daughter of king Huni the last king of the 3 rd  dynasty; because of her pure royal blood and her titles as a daughter of the  king and a mother of the  king and a wife of the king, she should be buried in one of the most prestigious tombs in the history of ancient Egypt, Surprisingly her tomb was such a humble small shaft known now as “ G7000x ” hastily dug on the eastern side of Khufu’s pyramid.      Even the remains of her funerary objects were scattered all over the burial chamber, and her sarcophagus was empty when it opened by the Egyptolog...
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STATUE OF AMENHOTEP II PURIFIED BY GODS At NMEC. by Kyrllos Eskandar.

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STATUE OF AMENHOTEP II PURIFIED BY GODS At NMEC.   king Amenhotep II one of kings of 18 th dynasty (new kingdom) he is son of the great emperor Thutmosis III and queen Meryt-Hatshpsut, after his father, he ascended to the throne of Egypt and was capable of protecting the Empire that he has inherited from his predecessors.   This splendid alabaster statue of king Amenhotep II shows the high rank of quality that reached by the sculptors and artisans during the new kingdom, the sculptor was very talented and sophisticated to show the details of the statue The king represented with all signs of royality wearing the royal headcloth “NEMES” and the royal kilt “SHENDYT” (this was the costumes of the royal blood, dedicated only for the kings). On the sides of the king god HORUS and god SETH the supreme gods of Anciet Egypt pouring on the king “ ANKH SIGN” of life asif purifing the king with long life or giving him eternity.   On the base of the statue we have beautif...
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Chariot of Thutmosis IV at NMEC by Kyrllos Eskandar.

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PHOTO BY KYRLLOS ESKANDAR           Chariot of Thutmosis IV at NMEC: This adorable chariot dates back to the reign of king Tuthmosis the fourth of the 18 th dynasty (New Kingdom) displayed now at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, this masterpiece made out of wood and discovered in Luxor (Thebes). The decorations on this chariot inscribed in high relief shows the king riding his chariot holding his bow and ready to fire the arrows and under his chariot the enemies trumpled and defeated..   On the right side :   god Montu represented with king Tuthmosis holding his hand supporting him in his war.. PHOTO BY KYRLLOS ESKANDAR On the left side : the vulture goddess Nekhbet represented above the king to provide him with protection.. PHOTO BY KYRLLOS ESKANDAR The names of the king inscribed everywhere in cartouches: -The coronation name “mn khbrw ra” which means stability is the appearance of god Ra -the birth name “thot ms” which means so...
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Amenhotep iii and God Sobek at Luxor Museum

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  It was a memorable event when this extraordinary monument came to light at the bottom of a water-filled shaft. This   adorable   statue   shows king Amenhotep iii next and embraced by god Sobek ; God Sobek represented as a man with a crocodile’s head and he is holding in his right hand the sign of life ANKH sign and giving it to the king, who represented standing, putting his hands on his ceremonial royal kilt and   wearing the royal headcloth NEMES with false beard sign of divinity, and upon his forehead a copra for protection. The statue dates back to 18 th dynasty, new kingdom. made out of calcite, and discovered in Sobek Temple; Dahmasha city in a shaft at Armant canal on july 27 1967. We have to note that king Ramses the second obliterated the names of Amenhotep iii from the statue and added his own inscriptions and cartouches. GOD SOBEK: Crocodile   god who was portrayed either as acrocodile or as a man with crocodile’s head, often...
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